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Agriculture Class 10 Notes | Agriculture Class 10 Geography Notes 2021

June 26, 2021 by admin 1 Comment

Agriculture Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 4 SST Pdf free download is part of Class 10 Social Science Notes for Quick Revision. Geography teachers from the latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books. Here we have given Agriculture Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Notes.

Agriculture class 10 Notes Social ScienceCBSE Class 10 Geography Agriculture- Free PDF Download

Agriculture Class 10 Notes | Agriculture Class 10 Geography Notes 2021
  • Agriculture Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 4
    • Primitive Subsistence Farming: Agriculture Class 10 Notes
  • Intensive Subsistence Farming:
    • Importance of Agriculture
  • Types of Farming: Agriculture Class 10 Notes
  • Institutional reforms in Agriculture:
    • Rubber:
    • Cotton Environmental
    • Jute:
      • Food Security
      • National Food Security System:

Agriculture Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 4

India is an agricultural country because of the following reasons:

  1. Two-third of its population is engaged in agricultural activities.
  2. Agriculture is a primary activity and produces most of the food and food grains.
  3. It produces raw materials for our various industries, e.g., cotton textile, sugar industry.
  4. Agricultural products, like tea, coffee, spices are exported and earn foreign exchange.

Primitive Subsistence Farming: Agriculture Class 10 Notes

This type of farming is practiced in few pockets of India on small patches of land using primitive tools and family/community labor. Farmers clear a patch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their families.

Agriculture Class 10 Geography Notes 2021

When the soil fertility decreases, the farmers shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation. This type of shifting allows nature to replenish the fertility of the soil through natural processes. Land productivity is low as the farmer does not use fertilizers or other modem inputs.

Intensive Subsistence Farming:

It is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land. It is labor-intensive farming. Yield per hectare is high because high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used. The size of the land-holdings is small and uneconomical.

Farmers take the maximum output from the limited land by raising 2-3 crops in a year from the same land, i.e., multiple cropping is practiced.

Importance of Agriculture

  • In India agricultural activities are of great importance. These activities provide employment to approximately two-thirds of the Indian population and help us to get food as well as raw material for Industries. Some agricultural products such as tea, coffee, spices are exported so as to get additional income to the country.
  • In India Cultivation methods have changed based on the physical environment, technological improvements, socio-cultural practices.

Types of Farming: Agriculture Class 10 Notes

  • In India mainly there are three farming types
    • Primitive subsistence Farming
    • Intensive Subsistence Farming
    • Commercial Farming

Cropping Seasons in India

  • Specific crops are grown in specific season. Basically there are three cropping seasons rabi, kharif and zaid.

Rabi Season:

  • Duration:
    • Rabi crops are grown in winter season i.e. from October to December and harvested in summer season i.e. from April to June. Rabi Crops are wheat, barley, peas, and mustard are some important rabi crops.

Kharif Season:

  • Duration:
    • Kharif crops are grown with rising monsoon and harvested from September or October. Kharif crops are rice, maize, cotton, urad.

Horticulture Crops:

India is a large producer of horticulture crops such as vegetables and fruits. Vegetables: India produces 13 percent of the world’s vegetable production. Various vegetables are pea, Cauliflower, onion, cabbage, tomato, brinjal, and potato.

Non-Food Crops

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Institutional reforms in Agriculture:

  1. Collectivization and consolidation of land holdings to make them economically viable.
  2. The green revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution to increase milk production.
  3. Cooperation with farmers and Abolition of Zamindari system.
  4. Provision of crop insurance to protect the farmers against losses caused by natural calamities, i.e., drought, flood, cyclone, fire, and disease.
  5. Establishment of ‘Grameen Banks’, Cooperative Societies and Banks.
  6. Kissan Credit Card (KCC), Personal Accident Insurance Scheme (PAIS).
  7. Special weather bulletins and agricultural programs for farmers on radio and TV.
  8. Announcement of minimum support price, remunerative and procurement prices for crops to check the exploitation of farmers.

Rubber:

India is fourth largest producer of rubber in world. Rubber is used as raw material in industries.

Also Read: Pesticides Meaning in Hindi | Pesticides: Meaning, Types & Benefits | Hindi | Agriculture

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Environmental Conditions:

Rubber is mainly an equatorial crop but under suitable conditions can be grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It need moist and humid climate with temperature more than 25℃, it need annual rainfall 200 cm.

Regions: In India, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Andaman and Nicobar islands and Garo Hills of Meghalaya are important rubber producing regions.

Fibre Crops: Agriculture Class 10 Notes

Also Read: [Top 10] Best Whole Foods To Lower Cholesterol 2020

In India Cotton, Jute, hemp, and natural silk are major fiber crops. Cotton, Jute, and Hemp are obtained by growing these crops in soil. Natural silk is obtained from Cocoons of Silkworms found especially on Mulberry Tree.

Agriculture Class 10 Geography Notes 2021

Cultivating plants for production of silk is called as sericulture.

Cotton Environmental

  • The Cotton is a Kharif Crop that requires 6 to 8 months for its growth. Cotton is the main raw material for textile industries. India ranks second largest producer of cotton after China.
  • Environmental Conditions: It needs black soil rich in humus, bright sunshine, high temperature, light rainfall, and dry climate.
  • Regions:
    • In India Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh are important cotton-growing states.
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Jute:

  • It is known as golden fibre. It is required to make Gunny bags, mats, ropes, carpets, and other artefacts. The use of Jute is declining because of cheaper alternatives such as synthetic fibres such as nylon.
  • Environmental Conditions: It needs well-drained fertile soil mostly soil of floodplains and high temperature.
  • Regions: In India, West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and Meghalaya are major Jute producing regions.
Food Security
  • Food which provides Minimum Nutritional Value is a basic need of every citizen of country. Minimum nutritional value signifies food which provide minimum amount of nutrient like Proteins Vitamins, Iron, Calcium etc. per day.  If government fails to provide food security in any part then that part suffers from Lack of Food Security.  In our country, regions which are economically less developed and regions which suffers from natural disasters where supplying of food is not possible uncertain food supply.
National Food Security System:
  • The main objective of this system is to ensure food availability to all. It also focuses on increasing agricultural production and fixing the procurement price. Procurement price i.e. the price with which government purchases the crop from farmers.
  • It consists of two components
    • Buffer Stock
    • Public Distribution System (i.e. PDS)
  • Buffer Stock: Food Corporation of India (FCI), buys foodgrains from farmers with the assured minimum support price. It then maintains its stock and uses this stock in case of a shortage of food.
  • Public Distribution System(PDS):
    • With this program stored food grains and essential commodities are distributed to poor families at affordable prices.
    • Based on income, families are divided into two categories Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Above Poverty Line (APL). The poverty line signifies the minimum income needed to get necessities of life such as food, shelter, and clothes. Prices for each category are different.
    • The problem with this system is that the number of deserving poor peoples are excluded from the BPL category and some of the rich peoples are placed in the BPL category.

Impact of Globalisation on Agriculture:

  1.  Globalization is not a new phenomenon. It was there at the time of colonization.
  2. Till today it is one of the important items of export from India.
  3. The cotton textile industry in Manchester and Liverpool flourished due to the availability of good quality cotton from India.
  4. The Champaran movement started in 1917 in Bihar.
  5. Under globalization, particularly after 1990
Class 10 Agriculture Notes ?

Agriculture class 10 Notes Social ScienceCBSE Class 10 Geography Agriculture- Free PDF Download

Agriculture Class 10 Geography Notes ?

Agriculture Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 4 SST Pdf free download is part of Class 10 Social Science Notes for Quick Revision. Geography teachers from the latest edition of CBSE(NCERT) books. Here we have given Agriculture Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Notes.

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Pesticides Meaning in Hindi | Pesticides: Meaning, Types & Benefits | Hindi | Agriculture

June 25, 2021 by admin 1 Comment

Pesticides Meaning in Hindi | Read this article in Hindi to learn about:- 1. पेस्टीसाइड  का अर्थ (Meaning of Pesticides) 2. पेस्टीसाइड के प्रकार (Types of Pesticides) 3. लाभ और हानियाँ (Benefits and Hazards).

पेस्टीसाइड का अर्थ (Meaning of Pesticides):

पादप रोग (Plant Disease) सूक्ष्म जीवों के द्वारा फैलते हैं या दूसरे Animal के द्वारा इनमें विभिन्न प्रकार के रोग फैलते हैं । हमारे जीवन में उपयोग के पदार्थों की उपलब्धता तथा उनकी कीमतों पर अवांछित प्रभाव डालते हैं जो अधिक रोग फैलने में फसलों की पैदावार कम होती है, जिससे कीमतें बढ़ जाती है ।

कृषि उत्पादन का लगभग 30% भाग इनसे नष्ट हो जाता हैं । अत: इनके रोग नियंत्रण (Diseased Control) के लिए कृत्रिम रसायनों (Artificial Chemicals) का उपयोग करके इनको रोगों से Protect किया जाता है और इनका प्रयोग दिन व दिन बढ़ता जा रहा है ।

कोई भी जीवधारी जो मनुष्य को आर्थिक या भौतिक नुकसान (हानि) पहुँचाए Pest कहलाता है तथा वे रासायनिक पदार्थ जो Pest को मार देते हैं, उन्हें Pesticide कहते है ।

सूक्ष्मजीवों का Pest Control हेतु उपयोग जैविक नियंत्रण कहलाता है तथा उपयोग में लिये जाने वाले कारक एजेन्ट (Agent) कहलाते है । सामान्यतः Pest Control Bacteria, Fungus, Virus, Protozoa आदि का उपयोग करके किया जाता है । इनमें से कुछ का उपयोग व्यापारिक स्तर पर भी किया जाता हैं Micro Organism का उपयोग Insect Control, Weeds Control और Diseased Control में किया जाता है ।

वर्तमान समय में बहुत से Synthetic Insecticides व Pesticides का उपयोग Agriculture में Crop Rotation पर किया जा रहा है लेकिन इनके उपयोग से कुछ Non Targate Pathogens भी मर जाते हैं जो Soil के लिए लाभदायक होते हैं तथा खेती (Agriculture) के लिए भी लाभदायक होते है । कुछ पेस्टीसाइड जैविक कीटों (Insects) को भी मार देते हैं जैसे Viruses (Vaculovirule), Bacteria (Basillus) Fungi (Aspergillus) नष्ट कर देते हैं ।

Pesticides Meaning in Hindi | Pesticides: Meaning, Types & Benefits | Hindi | Agriculture

पेस्टीसाइड के प्रकार (Types of Pesticides): Pesticides Meaning in Hindi

पेस्टीसाइड निम्नलिखित तीन प्रकार के होते हैं:

(1) चयनित हुए जीव के आधार पर,

(2) रासायनिक संरचना के आधार पर,

(3) माइक्रोबियल पेस्टीसाइडस ।

(1) चयनित जीव के आधार पर (On Basis of Target Organisms):

(i) कवकनाशी (Fungicides) – मृदा तथा फसल में कवक के प्रभाव को समाप्त करने के लिए कवकनाशी का उपयोग किया जाता है ।

(ii) खरपतवारनाशी (Weedicides)- फसलों व पानी आदि में खरपतवार उत्पन्न हो जाती है, उसे जिस रसायन या कीटनाशक से नियंत्रित किया जाता है, उसे खरपतवारनाशी कहते हैं ।

(iii) कीटनाशी (Insecticides) – कीटों को नियंत्रित करने के लिए जिन Chemicals या Animals का उपयोग किया जाता है । उन्हें Insecticides कहते हैं ।

(iv) सूत्रकृमिनाशी (Nematicides)- सूत्रकृमी (Nematodes) हानिकारक होते हैं । सूत्रकृमिनाशी (Nematicides) का प्रयोग कर इन्हें नियंत्रण किया जाता है ।

(v) कृंतकनाशी या चूहा-नाशी (Rodenticides) – कृंतक वर्ग (Rodent Class) जिसमें चूहे व अन्य चूहे की जातियाँ आती है, उन्हें नियंत्रित करने के लिए कृंतकनाशी (Rodenticides) का उपयोग किया जाता है ।

(2) रासायनिक संरचना के आधार पर (On Basis of Chemical Structure):

इसके अन्तर्गत रासायनिक अर्थात् Chemicals से बने उत्पादों को प्रयोग किया जाता है । इनका Side Effects Animal तथा Human Being पर भी पड़ता है, परन्तु अधिक मात्रा में फिर भी Pest Control के लिए इनका उपयोग किया जाता है ।

यह निम्न प्रकार के होते हैं:

(a) Organochlorine → B.H.C., D.D.T.

(b) Organophosphates → Malathion, Parathion

(c) Carbonates → Carboryl

(d) Pyrithoirides → Pyrethrin

(e) Triazines → Simazines fertilizers and pesticides ,bio pesticides

(a) आर्गेनोक्लोरीन (Organochlorine Pesticides Meaning in Hindi):

ये Organic Compounds है जिनमें Chlorine के कई परमाणु होते हैं जैसे D.D.T., BHC. Aldrine तथा Endosulphonol आदि इसी श्रेणी में आते हैं । ये वसा स्नेही होते हैं जो वसा Tissue के साथ Interaction करते है, जिसके कारण ये Human Being के लिए बहुत हानिकारक होते हैं ।

(b) आर्गेनोफास्फेट (Organophosphate):

ये Phosphoric, Thiophosphoric तथा Phosphoric Acid के कार्बनिक Ester होते है । ये Liver System पर अधिक असर डालते है ।

(c) कार्बेनेट (Carbonate):

ये Organic Acid के Organic Ester होते है जिनके Organic संरचना Acetyline Colour से मिलती-जुलती है तथा ये Estarase नामक Enzyme से काफी आकर्षित होते है । ये त्वचा (Skin) के किसी भी Part में अवशोषित (Absorb) हो जाते है ।

(d) (Pyrithorides):

ये क्रिसेन्पीयस नामक वार्षिक पौधे से निकलने वाले Pyrithin Chemical से प्राप्त किया जाता है ।

(e) ट्राइजीन (Trizene):

यह Pesticides Weeds को Control करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है जिससे यूरिया (Urea) प्राप्त करते हैं । ये चाय, तम्बाकू तथा कपास की फसलों में खरपतवार खे नियंत्रित करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है ।

(3) माइक्रोबियल पेस्टीसाइड (Microbial Pesticides): Pesticides Meaning in Hindi

इसे निम्न तीन भागों में बाँटा जा सकता है:

(a) बैक्टीरियल पेस्टीसाइड (Bacterial Pesticides),

(b) वायरल पेस्टीसाइड (Viral Pesticide),

(c) माइकोपेस्टीसाइड (Mycopesticide) ।

(a) बैक्टीरियल पेस्टीसाइड (Bacterial Pesticides):

Bacterium Tharingiensis एक बहुत अधिक पाये जाने वाला Bacteria है जिसे Soil Diterus तथा Death Insects से Isolate किया जा सकता है । यह एक Spore Forming Bacteria है जो बहुत से Toxins जैसे α, β तथा δ Exotoxin तथा Andotoxin Produced करता है जिसे Crystal रूप में भी प्राप्त किया जा सकता है ।

β Exotoxin में Ribose और Glucose आदि पाए जाते हैं जबकि β Endotoxin में Glyco Protein Subunit का बना होता है । इस Toxin में Insecticides के गुण पाए जाते हैं ।

इसके अतिरिक्त बेसिलस थूरिजिंएसिस फरमेंटर (Fermenter) में अन्य जीवाणुओं (Bacteria) के साथ उत्पन्न होते है । इसके व्यापारिक संघटक में बीजाणु (Spores) क्रिस्टल प्रोटीन (Crystal Protein) तथा अक्रिय वाहक पाये जाती है ।

यह संघटक पानी में विलेय Powder के रूप में पायसीकृत पदार्थ के रूप में कणों के रूप में धूल के कणों के रूप में पाए जाते है । आवश्यकता पड़ने पर इसे रासायनिक इंसेक्टीसाइड (Chemical Insecticide) के साथ भी मिश्रित किया जा सकता है ।

Crystal Protein की क्रियाशीलता उपयोग करने के 24-40 घंटे बाद समाप्त हो जाती है । लेकिन बीजाणु (Spores) लम्बे समय तक बने रहते है व लाभदायक कीटों (Insects) को भी नष्ट कर देते हैं । इस समस्या से बचने के लिए Bacteria के कुछ ऐसे उत्परिवर्तित (Mutant) प्रतिरूप बनाये गये हैं, जो Crystal Protein का निर्माण करते है ।

परन्तु Spores का निर्माण नहीं करते है । इस प्रकार के उत्परिवर्तित प्रतिरूप भारतीय वैज्ञानिकों के द्वारा निर्मित किए गए है । कुछ Bacteria के Spores करते हैं । ये Spores युक्त कायिक कोशिका में Crystal Protein का निर्माण करती है ।

यह Crystal Protein एक Prototoxin है, जो कीट (Insects) की मध्य आहार नाल में Toxin में परिवर्तित हो जाती है । Toxin के कण मध्य आहार नाल की उपकला कोशिकाओं में स्थित विशिष्टग्राही के साथ बाधित हो जाते हैं व अन्त में कीट की मृत्यु हो जाती है ।

विभिन्न प्रकार के बैक्टीरिया द्वारा विभिन्न प्रकार के Crystal Protein का निर्माण किया जाता है । प्रत्येक प्रोटीन (Protein) Insect के लिए विशिष्ट होता है । जबकि रासायनिक कीटनाशी व्यापक प्रकार के कीटों का नियंत्रण करता है ।

(b) वायरल पेस्टीसाइड (Viral Pesticide): Pesticides Meaning in Hindi

Pesticides के लिए बहुत से Virus की खोज हो चुकी है, जिसमें Cytoplasmic Polyhdrolysis Viruses शामिल है । Virus तथा इससे बने दूसरे Products Effective तथा Biopesticides के रूप में तैयार किए जा चुके हैं तथा इनका Agriculture Forest तथा Hoticulture से Insect Pests को Control करने के लिए सफलतापूर्वक उपयोग किया जाता है ।

यह Method Pollution Free होता है तथा Plant और Animal दोनों की Health के लिए Toxic नहीं होते हैं और ना ही Hazordous होते है । ये Virus Specific होते है तथा इनका उपयोग Insects के Poly Hacters पर कोई बुरा प्रभाव नहीं डालते हैं ।

साथ ही इन Insects की उपयोगी Product की Yield बढ़ाने की क्षमता बढ़ जाती है । ये Human Being के लिए भी हानिकारक नहीं होते है । ये Insect Paste के मुँह से जाकर Digestive Tract में पहुंच कर इन्हें मार देते है ।

अमेरिका में Nuclear Polyhydrocysis Virus (NPV) को Insect के Control हेतु उपयोग में लाया जाता है । भारत में NPV का उपयोग हेलिको वेरपा आर्मिजेरा के नियंत्रण हेतु किया जाता है ।

इसी प्रकार ग्रेनृलोसिस वाइरस (GV) का उपयोग Pseudoptera Litrura के Control हेतु किया जा रहा है । व्यापारिक स्तर पर इन वायरस (Virus) का उत्पादन कीटों के Larva पर किया जाता है । इसी प्रकार हिर्सूटेला थोम्पसोनाई, वटिर्सिलियम जैसे कवकों (Fungi) का उपयोग भी कीटों के नियंत्रण (Control) में किया जाता है ।

(c) माइकोपेस्टीसाइडस (Mycopesticides):

वर्तमान समय में हुए अध्ययन में रोगजनक कवक का उपयोग Insect Pest को नियंत्रित करने के लिए किया जा रहा है । इसमें Fungal Pesticides को व्यावसायिक उत्पादन किया जा रहा है । इसका प्रभाव बैक्टीरिया तथा वायरस के प्रभाव से बिल्कुल अलग होता है । ये Cestius Phycitis नामक कीटों से फैलता है, जो कवक से नियंत्रित किया जाता है ।

इन सूक्ष्मजीवों (Micro Organisms) को इनके द्वारा की जाने वाली क्रिया के आधार पर दो श्रेणियों में विभक्त किया गया है:

(a) आमाशयी सूक्ष्मजीवी कीटनाशी (Stomach Microbial Insecticides),

(b) सम्पर्क सूक्ष्मजीवी कीटनाशी (Contact Microbial Insecticides) ।

(a) आमाशयी सूक्ष्मजीवी कीटनाशी (Stomach Microbial Insecticides):

इस समूह के Bacteria, कीटों (Insects) की देह (Body) तथा Tissues ऊतकों में प्रवेश करके Toxic पदार्थों क उत्पादन कर देते है, जिससे Pest की मृत्यु हो जाती है ।

(b) सम्पर्क सूक्ष्मजीवी कीटनाशी (Contact Microbial Insecticides):

इस समूह के सूक्ष्मजीवी कीटों (Insects) की त्वचा (Skin) के सम्पर्क में आने पर उसकी देह (Body) में प्रवेश कर जाते है । इस नियंत्रण (Control) में भौतिक कारक भी सहायक होते है । अत: पीड़क नियंत्रण के लिए सूक्ष्मजीव कीट तथा वातावरण का सामंजस्य (Adjustment) भी सहायक होता है ।

इन सूक्ष्मजीवों (Micro Organisms) की वृद्धि तथा Culture प्रयोगशाला में की जाती है तथा आवश्यकता पड़ने पर इन्हें वायुमंडल में छोड़ देते है । इस युक्ति का उपयोग उस समय किया जाता है । जब Pest को अस्थाई रूप से Control करना हो तब भी इसका उपयोग किया जाता है ।

पेस्टीसाइडस से लाभ और हानियाँ (Benefits and Hazards of Pesticides): Pesticides Meaning in Hindi

इससे मुख्य दो लाभ होते हैं:

(1) इससे फसल (Crop) की उपज में आशातीत वृद्धि हुई ।

(2) अनेक मानव रोग जैसे मलेरिया, डेंगू, फाइलेरिया आदि में कमी हुई है ।

पेस्टीसाइडस से हानियाँ (Hazards of Pesticides):

पेस्टीसाइडस (Pesticides) के अधिक मात्रा में प्रयोग करने से फसली पौधों व भूमिगत जल भी दूषित होता है । इन उपयोग से गहन विषाक्तता भी उत्पन्न हो जाती है तथा लम्बी अवधि तक इनका उपयोग पशुओं की जीव वैज्ञानिक प्रणाली पर भी अपना प्रभाव डालता है ।

Pesticides Meaning in Hindi | Pesticides: Meaning, Types & Benefits | Hindi | Agriculture

पीड़क नाशक (Pesticide) सामान्यतः कार्सिनोजोनिक (Carcinogenic) कैंसर उत्पन्न करने वाले, टैरटाजेनिक (Tartragenic) विकृति उत्पन्न करने वाले टयूमराजेनिक (Tumaragenic, Tumour) तथा Cysts उत्पन्न करने वाले प्रभाव के लिए जाने जाते है । इनका अनियमित उपयोग Pest के प्राकृतिक शत्रु जीवों (Natural Enemies) की विविधता में कमी लाती है ।

जिससे Secondary Pests का महामारी फैलाने का खतरा बढ़ जाता है क्योंकि इससे:

(a) पर्यावरणीय प्रदूषण,

(b) जैव आवर्धन,

(c) खाद्य पदार्थों का विषाक्तीकरण,

(d) पीड़कनाशियों के प्रति प्रतिशेध,

(e) नए Pest का उद्भवन आदि होता है ।

इसमें से मुख्य रूप से:

5 Unique Traffic Generation Tips to Build Your Blog

जैव आवर्धन: Pesticides Meaning in Hindi

इसके अन्तर्गत प्रकृति में असंख्य जीवधारी होते है । अनेकों कीट (Insect) पौधों पर निर्भर होते है । इसमें से कुछ ऐसे हैं जो फसलों के लिए खतरा है । कीटनाशकों (Insecticides) के छिड़कने पर सभी प्रकार के कीट मर जायेंगे । Toxication of Food Products में चूंकि अधिकांश रासायनिक पीड़कनाशी बहुत कम विषहीन होते है ।

ये खाद्य पदार्थों में धीरे-धीरे संचित हो जाते है । भारत में मिलने वाले खाद्य पदार्थों में 91.7% पीड़कनाशी पाए जाते है । एक आम भारतीय भोजन में प्रतिदिन लगभग 0.27 mg DDT या दूसरा Pesticide लेता है और भोजन या खाद्य पदार्थों में अक्सर D.D.T की मात्रा पायी जाती है ।

मिट्टी की उर्वरता और उत्पादकता पर पेस्टीसइड का प्रभाव (Effects of Pesticides on Soil Fertility and Productivity):

Soil के अन्दर विभिन्न प्रकार के सूक्ष्मजीव पाए जाते है । जो लाभदायक भी होते है । परन्तु पेस्टीसाइड के उपयोग से इनको हानि पहुंचती है । जैसे कुछ प्रोटोजोआ मिट्टी (Soil) के अन्दर रहते हैं, जो मिट्टी में उपस्थित नाइट्रोजन (Nitrogen) को स्थापित करने वाले बैक्टीरिया को खा जाते है ।

इस प्रकार इन बैक्टीरिया की सक्रियता एवं मिट्टी में नाइट्रोजन (N2) की मात्रा में कमी हो जाती है । कभी-कभी मिट्टी में उपस्थित रोगजनक एवं निमाटोड्‌स (Nimatodes) को निष्क्रिय करने के लिए विभिन्न प्रकार की भौतिक एवं रासायनिक विधि का प्रयोग किया जाता है ।

Also Read: How To Get More Endorsement On {LinkedIn ?}

निमाटोड्‌स (Nimatodes) के नियंत्रण के लिए वाष्पशील मृदा घुमक (Soil Fumigants) का मुख्य रूप से प्रयोग किया जाता है । ये Fumigant Soil Particles को आपस में बाँध देते है, जिससे मृदा की उर्वरता कम होती है ।

कुछ पीड़कनाशी चक्रिय हाइड्रोकार्बन के होते है, जिनमें Chlorine Compound होते हैं तथा Pest Control के उपयोग में आते है । परन्तु ये तत्व Oxidation Ring को अवरूद्ध कर देते है । (Pesticides Meaning in Hindi) जैविक अपघटन के प्रतिरोधी होने के कारण इनकी उपस्थिति दीर्घकाल तक परिवेश में विद्यमान रहती है ।

ऐसे पदार्थों का Concentration वर्ष दर वर्ष बढ़ता रहता है । ये पदार्थ मिट्टी में जमा होते चले जाते है । यहाँ से इनका प्रवेश Food Chain के Producer के माध्यम से होता है । अर्थात् ये जितने भी Pest होते हैं वो किसी न किसी रूप में Soil उत्पादकता को भी प्रभावित करते है ।

Pesticides का Soil Fertility तथा Productivity पर निम्न प्रभाव पड़ते है:

(1) ये केवल इच्छित पीड़क (Pest) को ही निर्जमीकरण नहीं कराते है बल्कि दूसरे विभिन्न प्रकार के अनचाहे सूक्ष्मजीवों (Micro Organisms) को भी निर्जमीकरण कर देते है ।

(2) इनमें क्षत से पीड़कनाशी (Pesticides) निरन्तर चिपके रहते है तथा शीघ्रता से अलग नहीं होते है । ये अपघटित होने में 3-5 माह का समय लेते है । Tropical Condition में कुछ Pesticide 10 माह तक स्थायी बने रहते है ।

(3) ये अनचाहे प्रभावों जैसे रोगजनक में प्रतिरोध, मिट्टी में पाए जाने वाले सूक्ष्मजीव का विस्थापन तथा उनके संख्या में परिवर्तन करते है, क्योंकि pH तथा पोषक की उपलब्धि में परिवर्तन हो जाते है जिससे मृदा उर्वरकता प्रभावित होती है ।

(4) इनका जहाँ प्रयोग किया जाता है । वहाँ से पानी के द्वारा बहकर दूसरे स्थान तक पहुँच जाते हैं अर्थात पीड़कनाशी को निश्चित मात्रा में प्रयुक्त करते है । परन्तु ये मिट्टी में दूर तक फैलकर अनचाहे परिवर्तनों को उत्पन्न कर देते है ।

(5) इनकी सांद्रता तथा आवर्धन से Biological System में अचानक अनचाहे हानिकारक परिणाम उत्पन्न करते है ।

(6) पीड़कनाशी की अधिक मात्रा का निरन्तर उपयोग करने से Soil Microflora के परिवर्तन स्थायी हो जाते है जिससे मृदा की उर्वरकता सीमा तथा उत्पादन क्षमता प्रभावित होने लगती है ।

(7) पीड़कनाशी से मृदा में पाये जाने वाले कीट, केंचुआ एवं अन्य अकशेरुकी (Invertebrates) प्रोटोजोआ तथा मृदा जीवों पर घातक प्रभाव डालते है ।

(8) पीड़कनाशी का अपघटन विभिन्न मृदा कारक जैसे pH तथा ताप (Temperature) पर भी निर्भर करता है । इसलिए पीड़कनाशी के अंधाधुन्ध उपयोग द्वारा मृदा-विष को उपचारित करना सम्भव नही है ।

(9) इसके अपघटन में लगने वाला समय Tropical Condition में अपेक्षाकृत कम होता है ।

(10) ये रासायनिक मिट्टी (Soil) में उपस्थित जैविक तथा रासायनिक कारकों के द्वारा Phytatoric रसायन में बदल जाते हैं तथा पौधों की वृद्धि को रोक देते है ।

(11) पीड़क अधिक होने से मृदा में उपस्थित जैविक उर्वरकता धीरे-धीरे नष्ट हो जाती है, जिससे फसल की पैदावार पर प्रभाव पड़ता है ।

(12) Soil में Toxic प्रभाव होने से दूसरे प्रकार के प्रभाव जैसे Seeds Germination पर भी प्रभाव पड़ने लगता है ।

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How Guest Posting Can Maximize Your Audience

September 13, 2020 by admin 6 Comments

If you have been doing article writing lately and you also published your own blog, guest posting chances of getting traffic might be too low. That is because you might have not exposed your blog to many people.

For sure, you will be wondering if article submission is just enough. A lot of people have this belief that once they submitted articles to leading article submission sites, it will generate traffic.

However, traffic will not be generated immediately by just submitting through some leading article submission websites. guest posting You have to get traffic from other sources. That can be done by none other than creating networks to bloggers with the same niche as yours.

How Guest Posting Can Maximize Your Audience
How Guest Posting Can Maximize Your Audience

If you might be wondering how this works, then, you are definitely on the right track of discovering this new source of the traffic to your website or even to your blog.

Perhaps, one of the rich sources of traffic is guest blogging. This is where you can post your own articles to some other people’s blog.  Through guest posting blogging, you can find the difference that it will make to your usual article marketing and see a gold mine of traffic from someone else blog.

Blog Guest Posting and How It Creates Traffic

One of the questions that you will be asking by know is the process called guest blogging.

If you have been blogging for quite a while already, then, it is time for you to do the network. So here is a simple diagram of how usual blogging will be:

  • Establishing Blogsite. The first step is you have to establish a blogsite.  Through this site,   you will be posting all the necessary information about the topics you want to have. In this way, you will be able to post certain topics and could readily edit them just when you need them to be.
  • Broadcast to your friends. For you to be able to get traffic to your blogs, you will be broadcasting it to your friends or even post them to your social network accounts. Truly,  they might want to get a piece of what your blog is all about.
  • Submit Articles to Articles Submission Site. If you want to get some more traffic,         you might want to consider submitting article submission websites or ezines.  This is one of the gold mines of traffic.

Now, most bloggers stops at this stage. The problem is that they would not be able to expand their network to some other bloggers. In this way, they might be confined in their own shell ready to hatch.

If you want to make more traffic, first is you have to expand your usual network and expand to other bloggers whom you might be sharing the same topic.

A good recipe for this success is guest blog posting. Through guest blog posting, you will contribute a post to other blogs who might want to get updated and latest posts. Some bloggers might want to break the routine. In order to do so, they could have you as a guest blogger. Through this, you will have a chance to grab a share of your audience with the blogger.

How Guest Posting Can Maximize Your Audience
How Guest Posting Can Maximize Your Audience

However, you also have the commitment to let the blogger do guest posting in your blog. This is one way that you will get a piece of information from your other blogger. But take note, you are doing this favor in order to grab a piece of the audience from him.

In the same way, he will also be doing it to you. But, if you set the difference between the other blogger and your niche, you can complement each other and might work hand in hand to get a wider audience.

Blog Guest posting is one way of having streams of traffic. Through this, you will not only maximize your audience, you can also extend to other bloggers in your niche and perhaps establish a community of bloggers who shares the same passion with yours.

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How to Boost Alexa Ranking Of Your Blog’s In No Time

August 20, 2020 by admin 1 Comment

Alexa ranking is one of the major metrics most advertisers will see before posting their ads on your sites, agree?

As a professional blogger, I know, Alexa ranking has nothing to do with making decent income from a site. But having a good Alexa ranking for your site is always a great
asset to improve your online revenue.

Without further ado, we will discuss few incredible ways to boost Alexa ranking of your blogs.

5 Ways to Boost Alexa Ranking Of Your Blogs

1. Claim your site on Alexa Ranking

This is a no brainer.

This is the first and foremost thing to do to boost alexa ranking of your sites. By claiming your site in Alexa site, you will be able to get more visibility in Alexa ranking factors.

To claim your site on Alexa site, follow these steps.

  • Go to Alexa
  • Create an account for yourself or login with Facebook
  • Go to dashboard and click on “Add a site”
  • And you are done!
How to Boost Alexa Ranking Of Your Blogs In No Time
How to Boost Alexa Ranking Of Your Blogs In No Time

Make sure to include your specific keywords for better Alexa ranking for your sites. This will also help others to easily find your sites by mentioning specific keywords in your niche.

2. Install Alexa toolbar on your browser

If I have to share ONLY one secret behind boosting Alexa rankings of few of my sites, it would be definitely this: I installed Alexa toolbar on my browser.

And whenever I get free time, I click on it to know my Alexa stats and rankings of my sites. This is also considered as a traffic metric by Alexa and hence you will see a great spike in your Alexa ranking sooner or later.

3. Use search engine friendly themes

This is another important aspect that will determine your Alexa rankings. If you want to quickly boost Alexa rankings of your sites, I would suggest you to buy premium themes like Genesis, Thesis etc.

They will not only create great first impression, but they will also help you to improve your search rankings. Moreover blog design is the primary element that decides the strength of your blogging campaign. If you don’t invest on design, you don’t succeed. Simple as that!

Side note: I have personally observed many of my sites where I used search engine friendly themes like Thesis and Genesis, I got great results on my Alexa ranking. It’s why I’m stressing the word: BUY a search engine friendly theme instead of using free themes to boost your Alexa ranks.

4. Update your blog regularly

The #1 secret behind any blog that has a great Alexa ranking is this: they get lots of traffic each and everyday. If you want to get a boost in your Alexa rank, try to improve the flow of search engine traffic to your sites. This way you will be able to generate a great Alexa rank in no time.

One of the best ways to boost your organic traffic is by posting articles regularly.

No.. you don’t have to post daily though. But it’s always helpful for you if you can post consistently for certain period of time. Even though you are posting twice or thrice a week, it can bring massive spike in your Alexa rankings. So spend time in quality posts or allow guest bloggers to guest post on your sites to improve the quantity of your blog archives.

5. Encourage your peers to click on your Alexa widgets

If you have blogging friends, it becomes bit easy for you to boost Alexa of your sites.

Why?

Almost every blogger is aware of Alexa rankings and almost everyone of them will have Alexa tool bars or widgets on their browsers. So when you ask them to check out your Alexa rankings regularly (before asking them for a help, give your hand to boost their Alexa too by writing reviews on Alexa about their sites etc).

How to Boost Alexa Ranking Of Your Blogs In No Time
How to Boost Alexa Ranking Of Your Blogs In No Time

This is by far the best method to boost your Alexa rankings and you can also ask your readers, fans or followers to write a review about your site on Alexa. If they really find your contents useful, they will do whatever you ask without any hesitation.

In a nutshell: Improving Alexa rankings of a site isn’t a rocket science. But you must consider the above things to get a better Alexa. Don’t post mediocre stuff just for the sake of increasing your traffic or Alexa ranks, it sucks! Do you have any extra tips in boosting Alexa rank of a site? Please share your tips in the comment section.

Filed Under: Keywords, Quality Content Tagged With: alexa database, alexa free, alexa ranking subscription, alexa search engine, alexa traffic rank, improve alexa rank in 30 days, webrank, what is a good alexa rank

A banned site indexed by Google and MSN Live, 24-hour

July 31, 2020 by admin Leave a Comment

The question was ‘ can we take a banned site – no pages indexed in Google, Yahoo or live and we can give it life and PR rank? ‘

Well, it took 2 days for a locked domain the MSN Live and Google indexes eingeben. The nun that’s fast.

But how it was done

Keywords: indexed

Website submission, directory submission, links, Web directory submission services, directory, directories, free submission service, paid, Web, blog, rss

Article body:

It seems it is possible and to http://www.omg-1.com the experiment proves itself.

A banned site indexed by Google and MSN Live 24 hour
A banned site indexed by Google and MSN Live 24 hour

The question was ‘ can we take a banned site – no pages indexed in Google, Yahoo or live and we can give it life and PR rank?’

Well, it took 2 days for a locked domain the MSN Live and Google indexes eingeben. A nun that’s fast.

But how it was done

Actually is the Web site as a tutorial on how to search engine optimization SEO success established. A step by step Guild is to soring ranking in the SERPs.

Only zwingen.Nehmen take a look at all the free tools offered, all over the Internet practically the search engines index a note and follow the links on this site, you take amazing free optimization tools.

Here are the basic steps that has to forbidden master index this domain.

20. September 2015

1.-Added content index.php | experiment.html | report.html | paid directories.html

2. Make together an article about the ‘website directory submission experiment’

3. Send the article to digg.com, please if you a member, please then Digg this story!

3. Wait as long as I can, to our articles below 640 article directories with article applicant submitted.

I want this website template experiment website first indexed by Google! this secures http://www.omg-1.com is the original source article, and then we in the Google’s Suplimentals index quarantined. we wish to not take an article site Google, we submitted the article source ist. Achten sure you get your items in the major article directories!

4. Continue to place the site in E.g. einreichen.http://ww.webDirectory.za/Business/Internet/Promotions/ Web Directory database

5. SEO techniques

-Placed TARGET = “BLANK” to all outbound links I have so many Quellen.Es outlines to very serious is wise to keep people on your site so let show your proposed outgoing URLs, but always I let your website page opens. put even TARGET = “BLANK” on affiliate links as

Website submitter | Article Submitter

Then I went and meta tags with an offbeat placed the next track on the website

<.title>That’s only 10 c for a permanent link to your site!<.title>

it’s actually a row-wise Verkaufsgespräch.In of description, I cut a block of text from the main body

<.meta name=”Description” content=”We will hand submit YOUR site to 2000 FREE DIRECTORIES for $200 US That is only 10c for a permanent link pointing to your website! Compare that with AdWords | SEO search engine optimization is link building.”>

and it pasted into it just as the meta Beschreibung. Ich uses this description to all directory submissions and tolerance website submissions.

FORCE GOOGLE visit your website in everyway possible

  • 1. Reinclusion request.
  • 2. Insert you the URL.
  • 3. Place AdSense.
  • 4. Place a Google search form on your site.
  • 5. Setup AdWords campaign and forcing Google to scan your sites keywords! how?

Use the capaign keywords tool and select “Site Related Keywords”

Here is what checks Google so we can see insight into what Google thinks about this website and it’s a perfect result!

A banned site indexed by Google and MSN Live 24 hour
A banned site indexed by Google and MSN Live 24 hour

5. Set up an AdWords campaign, using the proposed keywords, some AdWords adds to erstellen. Ich has my deals below posted!

6. I added a very important OnlyWire button

7. Place http://www.omg-1.com referenced ASAP!

8. Free e-Mail subscription service set to sign to receive you for our SEO strategy techniques and discounts on the website.

9. Placed a free translation script visit to foreign visitors meet to index pages for the engines to be 10 x.

PS Note Please we September 2007 are already indexed in Google and MSN live after a day, 20.

Will it take?

Probably not as we indexed but now categorized and thematic and adjusted within the SERPs.

So we come and go but indexed for two important engines for two days is very good!

Filed Under: Keywords, Search Engines Tagged With: crawl fetch as google, get a list of all pages indexed by google, google index checker, google index site, google indexing, google url inspection tool, instant google indexing, url is unknown to google

What are websites PageRank? 2020

July 22, 2020 by admin Leave a Comment

Chances are you have been on the Internet and have been surfing in and out of websites looking for valuable information pertaining to a favorite topic or researching a subject for school or work.

As you type in a keyword(s) you match the information you are searching for on Google, you come up with 10,000 pages of information. It’s virtually impossible to go through everyone, so you refine your search by adding more exclusive keywords.

websites – 2020

Voila, the number of pages reduces to around 1,000. Still, this is a lot of pages, but you start looking through the information to find what you want. 

As you go through the first 10 links on the page, WHAM! The information you needed to find was in the first or second in order of PageRank. You wonder how did they get such a high rank on Google?  You may think it was very expensive to get that site at the top of the heap. The funny thing is, with a little know-how and about $75 you too can go for the top.

Search Engine Optimization or “SEO“, has become a standard in the web design industry, every customer of a good web designer wants to be number one in their keyword and may be willing to pay the extra money to get there.

What are websites PageRank? 2020
What are websites PageRank? 2020

A good web designer will dress up web sites’ home page to match the requirements of their client on specific keywords. The client will also pay more for the exclusivity to remain there untouched.

SEO has become a niche for a lot of web companies. They know if they can get the company to the top fast, the word of mouth will be helpful toward their business.

Through specialized META tags (hidden group of keywords) the web designer will strategically place keywords multiple times in the title bar, keywords, and even as hidden text.

Some search engines have figured these tricks of the trade out and have banned certain websites from their indexes. Google has become the engine of choice for a lot of people today. There is a different logic Google uses to calculate page rank and keywords is only a portion of it.

Google actually uses a specialized mathematical equation to place your site in a predetermined order. First things first, if your website is a keyword, that does not automatically give you a top spot.

It will take time to move up the ranks and you should register with Google as soon as possible to drive your rank upwards.

But just having the right URL (Universal Resource Locator) doesn’t guarantee the top spot either. You must also be swapping or reciprocating links with other Google users. The more you use Google websites that are indexed the faster and higher your site will go in the ranks. 

A Google robot will visit your site frequently so continue to modify your code and keep checking its rank and status. Eventually, your site will drive up the ranks and land on top. It may take time and work, but you will get the hang of keeping it there once you employ the right mix of keywords with links.

Some companies can charge up to $1,000 for the top spot, they employ the same techniques, even though they don’t want you to know this. Keep your META tags, title, keywords, and content in line with your keywords and continuously look to optimize them. Under no circumstances take another person’s keywords off of their code; this is potentially dangerous as you could be violating copyright laws.

Filed Under: Keywords Tagged With: google page rank tool, google pagerank algorithm, google pagerank toolbar, google website ranking, page rank calculator, pagerank example, pagerank formula, pagerank python

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